Working Principle of Bending Machine

1. Core Components and Mechanical Principles
Bending machines apply pressure through the coordinated movement of the slider and the bed, forcing the metal sheet to bend between the dies. Hydraulic bending machines drive the slider through hydraulic cylinders, mechanical bending machines release power through flywheel energy storage, and servo electric bending machines use motors to directly control the slider stroke to achieve positioning. The shape of the punch and lower die of the die determines the bending angle and radius. Metal sheets undergo elastic and plastic deformation under pressure. The rebound effect needs to be considered during operation, that is, the material partially recovers its original shape after the pressure is released, so the actual bending angle needs to be slightly smaller than the target angle to compensate for the rebound.

2. Application Scenarios
Aerospace (titanium alloy parts) and automobile manufacturing (body panels) rely on the high repeatability of CNC bending machines. Mechanical bending machines are suitable for large-scale processing of standardized products such as furniture brackets and building structural parts.

3. Workflow and Bending Technology
Metal sheets are precisely aligned through the backgauge system to ensure accurate bending position. Hydraulic or pneumatic clamps fix the sheet to prevent deviation from affecting accuracy.
Air bending: The punch is not completely pressed into the die, and the air gap is used to achieve bending. It has high flexibility but low precision and is suitable for multi-angle adjustment.
Bottom bending: The punch is pressed to the bottom of the die to reduce springback, which is suitable for high-precision requirements.
Imprinting: High pressure makes the sheet fit the die completely, and the springback can be ignored. It is used for extremely precise processing, but requires higher tonnage.